5. Methods of alcohol inversion
Pure ethanol and alcoholic beverages are heavily taxed. Ethanol has many applications that do not involve human consumption. To relieve the tax burden on these applications, most jurisdictions waive the tax when agents have been added to the ethanol to render it unfit for human consumption. These include bittering agents such as denatonium benzoate, as well as toxins such as methanol, naphtha, and pyridine.
Alcohol inversion is normally performed in form of the two methods presented below:
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Table 1.2. Materials used for alcohol inversion – Type II
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Additive Material
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Amount per liter
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Various flavors
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Min. 1g
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Different menthols
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Min. 2g
|
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Botanol
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Min. 2g
|
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Di-ethyl fetalat
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Min. 2g
|
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Propylene glycol
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Min. 2g
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Source: Iranian National Standard, No. 161
Along with the mentioned chemicals, an edible or non-edible yellow or red color is also added to alcohol to make the inverted alcohol distinct. This type of alcohol is used in industries and manufacturing chemicals.
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Table 1.2. Materials used for alcohol inversion – Type II
|
|
Additive Material
|
Amount per liter
|
|
Various flavors
|
Min. 1g
|
|
Different menthols
|
Min. 2g
|
|
Botanol
|
Min. 2g
|
|
Di-ethyl fetalat
|
Min. 2g
|
|
Propylene glycol
|
Min. 2g
|
Source: Iranian National Standard, No. 161
* This type of alcohol is used in manufacturing cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
